NR |
Aerodrome |
Location Indicator |
1 |
Incheon |
RKSI |
2 |
Cimpo |
RKSS |
3 |
Jeju |
RKPC |
4 |
Yangyang |
RKJY |
5 |
Yeosu |
RKJY |
6 |
Ulsan |
RKPU* |
7 |
Muan |
RKJB |
8 |
Uljin |
RKTL |
9 |
Jeongseok |
RKPD |
* Instrument approach procedures for RWY 18 are based on U.S TERPS. |
NR |
Aerodrome |
Location Indicator |
NR |
Aerodrome |
Location Indicator |
1 |
Gimhae* |
RKPK |
6 |
Wonju* |
RKNW |
2 |
Cheongju* |
RKTU |
7 |
Sacheon* |
RKPS |
3 |
Daegu* |
RKTN |
8 |
Seoul* |
RKSM |
4 |
Gwangju* |
RKJJ |
9 |
Pohang* |
RKTH |
5 |
Gunsan* |
RKJK |
|||
* Joint use civil and military aerodromes under the Ministry of National Defence(MND). |
<Diagram 1>
<Table 1> PANS-OPS : Example of visual maneuvering(circling) area for aerodromes at 1000ft MSL
Aircraft Category |
Max speeds for visual maneuvering(KTS) (Circling) |
Circling Area Maximum radii from RWY THR(NM) |
A |
100 |
1.68 |
B |
135 |
2.66 |
C |
180 |
4.20 |
D |
205 |
5.28 |
E |
240 |
6.94 |
<Table 2-1> STANDARD CIRCLING APPROACH MANEUVERING AIRSPACE RADIUS(TERPS)
Aircraft Category |
Speeds for Circling(KTS) |
Circling Area Maximum radii from RWY THR(NM) |
A |
Speed less than 91knots |
1.30 |
B |
Speed 91knots or more but less than 121knots |
1.50 |
C |
Speed 121knots or more but less than 141knots |
1.70 |
D |
Speed 141knots or more but less than 166knots |
2.30 |
E |
Speed 166knots or more |
4.50 |
<Table 2-2> EXPANDED CIRCLING APPROACH MANEUVERING AIRSPACE RADIUS(TERPS)
Circling MDA in feet MSL |
Approach Category and Circling Radius(NM) |
||||
CAT A |
CAT B |
CAT C |
CAT D |
CAT E |
|
1 000 or less |
1.3 |
1.7 |
2.7 |
3.6 |
4.5 |
1 001 - 3 000 |
1.3 |
1.8 |
2.8 |
3.7 |
4.6 |
3 001 - 5 000 |
1.3 |
1.8 |
2.9 |
3.8 |
4.8 |
5 001 - 7 000 |
1.3 |
1.9 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
5.0 |
7 001 - 9 000 |
1.4 |
2.0 |
3.2 |
4.2 |
5.3 |
9 001 and above |
1.4 |
2.1 |
3.3 |
4.4 |
5.5 |
In some busy terminal areas, ATC may not allow circling and circling minimums will not be published. Published circling minimums provide obstacle clearance when pilots remain within the appropriate area of protection. Pilots should remain at or above the circling altitude until the aircraft is continuously in a position from which a descent to a landing on the intended runway can be made at a normal rate of descent using normal maneuvers. Circling may require maneuvers at low altitude, at low airspeed, and in marginal weather conditions. Pilots must use sound judgment, have an indepth knowledge of their capabilities, and fully understand the aircraft performance to determine the exact circling maneuver since weather, unique airport design, and the aircraft position, altitude, and airspeed must all be considered. The following basic rules apply:
<Table 3> Aircraft Approach Category
Aircraft Approach Category |
Speed(IAS) |
A |
Speed less than 91knots |
B |
Speed 91 knots or more but less then 121 knots |
C |
Speed 121 knots or more but less then 141 knots |
D |
Speed 141 knots or more but less then 166 knots |
E |
Speed 166 knots or more |